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# Go 环境安装指南
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**版本**: Go 1.21.6
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**适用系统**: Windows / Linux / macOS
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---
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## 目录
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1. [Windows 安装](#一windows-安装)
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2. [Linux 安装](#二linux-安装)
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3. [macOS 安装](#三macos-安装)
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4. [验证安装](#四验证安装)
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5. [配置 GOPROXY](#五配置-goproxy)
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6. [常见问题](#六常见问题)
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---
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## 一、Windows 安装
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### 方法一：使用 PowerShell 脚本（推荐）
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1. **打开 PowerShell**（以管理员身份）
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2. **运行安装脚本**
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```powershell
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cd d:\fs_workspace\market-data-service\scripts
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.\install-go-windows.ps1
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```
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3. **等待安装完成**，脚本会自动：
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- 下载 Go 1.21.6 安装包
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- 执行安装
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- 配置环境变量
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- 设置国内镜像
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4. **重新打开 PowerShell**，验证安装
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```powershell
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go version
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```
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### 方法二：手动安装
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1. **下载安装包**
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访问官方下载页面：
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```
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https://go.dev/dl/go1.21.6.windows-amd64.msi
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```
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2. **运行安装程序**
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双击下载的 `.msi` 文件，按向导完成安装
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3. **验证安装**
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打开命令提示符，运行：
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```cmd
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go version
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```
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应输出：
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```
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go version go1.21.6 windows/amd64
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```
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### 环境变量配置
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如果手动安装后 `go` 命令不可用，需要手动配置环境变量：
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1. **右键"此电脑"** → **属性** → **高级系统设置**
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2. **环境变量** → **系统变量** → **Path**
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3. **添加以下路径**：
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```
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C:\Program Files\Go\bin
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```
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4. **新建用户变量**：
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- 变量名：`GOPATH`
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- 变量值：`%USERPROFILE%\go`
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5. **重启命令提示符**
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---
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## 二、Linux 安装
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### 方法一：使用安装脚本（推荐）
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1. **打开终端**
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2. **运行安装脚本**
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```bash
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cd /path/to/market-data-service/scripts
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chmod +x install-go-linux.sh
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./install-go-linux.sh
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```
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3. **使环境变量生效**
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```bash
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source ~/.bashrc
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# 或
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source ~/.zshrc
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```
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4. **验证安装**
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```bash
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go version
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```
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### 方法二：使用包管理器
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**Ubuntu/Debian:**
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```bash
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# 添加 PPA
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:longsleep/golang-backports
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sudo apt update
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# 安装 Go
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sudo apt install golang-1.21
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# 创建软链接
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sudo ln -s /usr/lib/go-1.21/bin/go /usr/local/bin/go
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```
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**CentOS/RHEL:**
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```bash
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# 使用 EPEL
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sudo yum install epel-release
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sudo yum install golang
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# 或下载二进制
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cd /tmp
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wget https://go.dev/dl/go1.21.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz
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sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.21.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz
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```
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### 方法三：手动安装
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1. **下载安装包**
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```bash
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cd /tmp
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wget https://go.dev/dl/go1.21.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz
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```
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2. **解压到 /usr/local**
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```bash
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sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.21.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz
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```
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3. **配置环境变量**
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编辑 `~/.bashrc` 或 `~/.zshrc`：
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```bash
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export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin
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export GOPATH=$HOME/go
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export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin
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export GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct
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```
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4. **使配置生效**
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```bash
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source ~/.bashrc
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```
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5. **验证安装**
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```bash
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go version
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```
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---
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## 三、macOS 安装
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### 方法一：使用 Homebrew（推荐）
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1. **安装 Homebrew**（如未安装）
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```bash
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/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
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```
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2. **安装 Go**
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```bash
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brew install go@1.21
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```
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3. **添加到 PATH**
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```bash
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echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/go@1.21/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
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source ~/.zshrc
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```
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4. **验证安装**
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```bash
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go version
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```
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### 方法二：使用安装脚本
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1. **下载并运行脚本**
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```bash
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cd /path/to/market-data-service/scripts
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chmod +x install-go-linux.sh
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./install-go-linux.sh
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```
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2. **使环境变量生效**
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```bash
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source ~/.zshrc
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```
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### 方法三：手动安装
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1. **下载安装包**
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```bash
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cd /tmp
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curl -L -o go1.21.6.darwin-amd64.tar.gz https://go.dev/dl/go1.21.6.darwin-amd64.tar.gz
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```
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2. **解压**
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```bash
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sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.21.6.darwin-amd64.tar.gz
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```
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3. **配置环境变量**
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编辑 `~/.zshrc`：
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```bash
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export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin
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export GOPATH=$HOME/go
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export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin
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export GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct
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```
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4. **使配置生效**
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```bash
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source ~/.zshrc
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```
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---
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## 四、验证安装
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### 4.1 基本验证
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```bash
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# 查看 Go 版本
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go version
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# 输出: go version go1.21.6 xxx/xxx
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# 查看 Go 环境
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go env
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# 查看特定变量
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go env GOPATH
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go env GOROOT
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go env GOPROXY
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```
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### 4.2 运行测试程序
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创建测试文件 `hello.go`：
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```go
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package main
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import "fmt"
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func main() {
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fmt.Println("Hello, Go!")
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fmt.Printf("Go version: %s\n", runtime.Version())
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}
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```
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运行：
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```bash
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go run hello.go
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```
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应输出：
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```
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Hello, Go!
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Go version: go1.21.6
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```
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### 4.3 编译测试
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```bash
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# 编译
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go build -o hello hello.go
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# 运行
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./hello # Linux/macOS
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hello.exe # Windows
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```
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---
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## 五、配置 GOPROXY
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### 为什么要配置？
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Go 默认使用国外代理，在国内下载依赖可能很慢或失败。
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### 配置方法
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**临时配置（当前终端）**
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```bash
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# Windows
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go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct
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# Linux/macOS
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export GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct
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```
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**永久配置**
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Windows:
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```powershell
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[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("GOPROXY", "https://goproxy.cn,direct", "User")
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```
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Linux/macOS:
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```bash
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echo 'export GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct' >> ~/.bashrc
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source ~/.bashrc
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```
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### 验证配置
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```bash
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go env GOPROXY
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# 输出: https://goproxy.cn,direct
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```
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### 其他可用代理
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| 代理地址 | 说明 |
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|----------|------|
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| `https://goproxy.cn` | 七牛云，国内推荐 |
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| `https://goproxy.io` | 官方，全球可用 |
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| `https://mirrors.aliyun.com/goproxy/` | 阿里云 |
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| `https://proxy.golang.org` | Google 官方 |
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---
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## 六、常见问题
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### Q1: 安装后 `go` 命令不可用
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**原因**: 环境变量未配置或需要重启终端
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**解决**:
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```bash
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# Windows: 重新打开 PowerShell
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# Linux/macOS:
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source ~/.bashrc
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# 或
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source ~/.zshrc
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```
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### Q2: 下载依赖超时
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**原因**: 未配置 GOPROXY 或网络问题
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**解决**:
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```bash
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go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct
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```
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### Q3: 权限不足（Linux/macOS）
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**解决**:
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```bash
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# 使用 sudo 运行安装脚本
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sudo ./install-go-linux.sh
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# 或手动解压到用户目录
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tar -C $HOME/.local -xzf go1.21.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz
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export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/go/bin
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```
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### Q4: 如何卸载 Go
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**Windows:**
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1. 控制面板 → 程序和功能 → 卸载 Go
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2. 删除环境变量中的 Go 相关配置
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**Linux/macOS:**
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```bash
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# 删除安装目录
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sudo rm -rf /usr/local/go
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# 删除环境变量配置（编辑 ~/.bashrc 或 ~/.zshrc）
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```
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### Q5: 安装多个 Go 版本
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使用 `g` 版本管理器：
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```bash
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# 安装 g
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go install github.com/voidint/g@latest
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# 安装特定版本
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g install 1.21.6
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g install 1.20.0
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# 切换版本
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g use 1.21.6
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```
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---
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## 七、下一步
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安装完成 Go 后，可以继续：
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1. **返回项目目录**
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```bash
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cd d:\fs_workspace\market-data-service
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```
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2. **下载依赖**
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```bash
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go mod download
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```
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3. **启动服务**
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```bash
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go run ./cmd/server
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```
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4. **访问管理后台**
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```
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http://localhost:8080/admin
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```
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---
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## 参考资源
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- [Go 官方下载](https://go.dev/dl/)
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- [Go 官方安装文档](https://go.dev/doc/install)
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- [Go 国内镜像](https://goproxy.cn/)
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---
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**文档结束**
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